However, many factors impact post-release community reintegration experiences/trajectories, and few studies examine the complex interplay between these dynamics. The study findings were limited mainly to male adult offenders.Ĭorrectional populations on opioid agonist treatment (OAT) experience adverse outcomes upon community release. Full economic analyses should be encouraged. ![]() Three studies reported cost and consequences information sufficient to conduct a full economic analysis but this was not comprehensive enough to be able to make judgements across all treatment options. One study identified serious adverse events. Individual pharmacological drugs had differing (generally non-significant) effects. Overall, the findings of this review suggest that methadone and naltrexone may have some impact on reducing drug use and reincarceration. When comparing the drugs to one another there were no significant differences between those included (methadone versus buprenorphine, naltrexone and cyclazocine). Meta-analyses revealed a small statistically significant mean difference favouring pharmacological interventions relative to psychological interventions in reducing drug use and criminal activity. The search strategies identified 22 studies containing 4372 participants. ![]() ![]() Studies were pooled in a meta-analysis to assess the impact of pharmacological interventions on drug use and criminal activity. Systematic review protocols and conventions of the Cochrane Collaboration were followed to identify eligible studies. This updated systematic review assesses the effects of pharmacological interventions for drug-using offenders.
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